Здійснено розгорнуте дослідження сутності, особливостей, функцій портів у розрізі сучасних тенденцій розвитку галузі. Проаналізовано процес еволюції портів. Удосконалено узагальнену модель типів портів за способом управління, формою власності та розподілом функцій. Визначено нове трактування поняття «сучасний порт».
Ключові слова: порт, функції, концепція порту, покоління портів, моделі систем управління портами.
Проведено развернутое исследование сущности, особенностей, функций портов в разрезе современных тенденций развития отрасли. Проанализирован процесс эволюции портов. Усовершенствована обобщенная модель типов портов по способу управления, форме собственности и распределению выполняемых функций. Определена новая трактовка понятия «современный порт».
Ключевые слова: порт, функции, концепция порта, поколения портов, модели систем управления портами.
A detailed study of the nature, main features and functions of the ports in course of modern tendencies of industry development is carried out. Works of famous foreign specialists where different approaches to defining the meaning of ports, their tasks, their range of services, functions and a process of value added cost’ formation have been analyzed. The process of port evolution in accordance with the method offered by UNCTAD has been analyzed as well, some critic of this approach and some appendices are presented. A wide range of documents concerning port differentiation due to the management system has been scrutinized. Functions which should be completed by private companies and those which represent governmental body are pointed out. Herewith the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different models of port management systems carried out by the International Bank is given. The general model of port types according to its management form, types of entrepreneurship and shared functions has been improved.
As a result of the carried research the following conclusion has been made: notwithstanding the port age, the applied management model the port is effected by modern tendencies of international trade, reforms in port industry and politics of international community. Consequently, the new understanding of the definition of a modern port has been presented: it is an organization which must have not only economic strategies of stable development but also must be secure ecologically and effective energetically, must integrate adequately into local environment, must be a basis for improving level of people lives. Moreover, long-term development can be provided by effective interaction of governmental and private sectors, partnership with other modes of transport, the most optimal management system (financial liberty and operative independence of administrations), an increase of staff role in the process, appliance of up-to-date information technologies and innovations.
Keywords: port, functions, port concept, generations of ports, models of port management systems.
