Застосування у перші десятиліття ХХ І ст. сучасного геофізичного обладнання та супутникової
зйомки спричинило до чергового «перевідкриття»
світу давніх хліборобів з невідомими раніше археологам подробицями. Нові типи будівель, громадські споруди, сліди ремісничої діяльності, укріплень,
планування та структура поселень, історії їхнього
спорудження — ось приблизний короткий перелік
відкриттів, які не лише змінили уявлення про давніх хліборобів, але і відкривають нові, захоплюючі
горизонти досліджень на майбутні десятиліття. Цей огляд присвячений підсумкам майже десятилітнього геофізичного картографування поселень Кукутень-Трипілля на території Румунії,
Молдови та України і розгляду їхніх наслідків.
Heading for a long time the department of archeology
of the Eneolithic-Bronze Age, Vitalii Otroshchenko
joined the issues related to the study of Trypillia culture.
He has repeatedly participated in specialized
scientific conferences, at which he repeatedly touched
upon the study of Trypillia culture, criticizing mythmaking
and myth-makers who speculate on the basis
of archaeology in general and Trypillia culture in particular.
During this time, the staff of the department
conducted a significant amount of archaeological research,
published a large number of articles and monographs
on the study of Trypillia culture.
Application in the first decades of the XXI century,
modern geophysical equipment and satellite imagery
have led to another «rediscovery» of the world of ancient
farmers with previously unknown to archaeologists details.
New types of buildings, public buildings, traces
of handicrafts, fortifications, planning and structure of
settlements, histories of their construction — this is an
approximate list of discoveries that not only changed
the perception of ancient farmers, but also open new,
exciting research horizons for decades to come. This
review is devoted to the results of almost a decade of
geophysical mapping of Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements
in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine and consideration
of their consequences.
Archaeologists have not only expanded and refined
their understanding of settlement planning, the
number of buildings, and their size. A number of objects
have been discovered that were previously little
known or unknown to researchers. These are large
public buildings and pottery kilns of previously unknown
design. Also new was the fact that there were
fortifications around large settlements, as well as the
spread of fortifications in most small settlements.
Due to the wide geography of research, which covered
the territories of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine (including
regions where magnetic imaging had not been
conducted before), as well as a significant chronological
range of monuments on which work was carried out, it
became possible to compare settlement structures as
in time and space. More accurate information on the
number of buildings in the settlements made it possible
to increase the probability of the results of paleodemographic
and paleoeconomic calculations, in particular,
to offer a new vision of the probable population of
Trypillia protocities.
Due to the opening of fortifications, a large number
of large public buildings and craft complexes, new
grounds for conclusions about the early processes of
urbanization based on the settlements of the cultural
complex Cucuteni-Trypillia, as part of the world of
farmers of ancient Europe in V—IV millennium BC.
