Стаття присвячена дослідженню колекції мідних тесел-долот, знайдених на поселеннях трипільської культури етапів ВІ—ВІІ і СІ, що зберігаються у Національному музеї історії України.
Copper flat axes of the Szákalhát type are a fairly common
type of tools in the contemporary withstages Trypillia
BI—II, CI cultures of Central Europe. These tools are
characterized by asymmetry of the profile — one curved
side and a flat other. The collection of Trypillia metal of
the National Museum of History of Ukraine contains five
Szákalhát-type products from the excavations of V. Khvoyka.
Due to the attribution, it was established that
they originated from the settlements of Trypillia and Veremya
(the last quarter of 5th millennium BC), Khalepya
and Chernyakhiv (first half of 4st millennium BC). Flat
axes from Trypillia, Veremia and Chernyakhiv belongs
to the Szákalhát type, Városlőd variant. The axe-chisel
from Halepya has no analogies.
Remains of seams on the side surfaces are often
shifted to a flat surface. indicating casting in a twosided
form, one of the sash of which had a deeper negative
than the other. Regarding the type of mold for
casting flat axes from Trypillia, some questions arose.
The presence of dents on its curved surface, which have
been cast from a mold, may indicate the use of a model
made of either wax or fired clay. Only in such a way
could similar marks appear on the surface of the casting.
It is concluded that the flat axel from Trypillia may
have been cast according to the wax model. This technology
has been known since the time of Varna Culture
(5th millennium BC). But we do not know yet whether it
was known to Trypillia population.
The tools are cast from copper, which contains minor
impurities of other metals (from tenths to thousandths
parts of a percent). This corresponds to the results of spectral
analysis of the similar products from Central Europe.
The blade part was formed using forging: it has expanded
sideways, the blade was given a more rounded
shape. Sometimes the blade part was formed by the
sediment of the cutting edge (Trypillia). The technology
of casting flat axes blanks from the Middle Dniprо,
followed by blacksmithing, does not differ from the
Central European ones and is typical for the period of
existence of these tools throughout their distribution.
Smaller sizes and new original shapes, inherent only
in the Dniprо products, indicate their local production.
