Впровадження молекулярних маркерів в дослідження генетичного поліморфізму м’якої пшениці в південному біотехнологічному центрі в рослинництві

Abstract

Introduction of molecular markers for genetic polymorphism investigations of bread wheat in South Plant Biotechnology Center is discussed. The application of molecular markers for analysis of allelic diversities of microsatellite loci, dwarfing genes (Rht8, Rht-B1, Rht-D1), genes of photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1) and vernalization response (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1), genes of puroindolines (Pina-D1, Pinb-D1), genes that determine low content of amylose in starch of grains (Wx), the genes of storage proteins (Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1 and Glu-A3), genes resistance to leaf rust and the rye translocations in wheat varieties and breeding materials has been shown. There are recommendations to use molecular markers for creation homogenic wheat varieties, semi-dwarf varieties with shorter heading and flowering time, varieties with special technological characteristics – soft/ hard, low amylose content. Microsatellite markers which showed significant associations with frost resistance and other agronomical traits are recommended for marker assisted selection (MAS) in Ukrainian wheat breeding programs. Кеуwords: bread wheat, genetic polymorphism, molecular marker, PCR.