Анотація:
Based on the mean-field method applied either to the extended single-band Hubbard model or
to the single-band Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian we study the stability of both site-centered and
bond-centered charge domain walls. The difference in energy between these phases is found to be
small. Therefore, moderate perturbations to the pure Hubbard model, such as next nearest neighbor
hopping, lattice anisotropy, or coupling to the lattice, induce phase transitions, shown in the
corresponding phase diagrams. In addition, we determine for stable phases charge and magnetization
densities, double occupancy, kinetic and magnetic energies, and investigate the role of a finite
electron-lattice coupling. We also review experimental signatures of stripes in the superconducting
copper oxides.