This is an analysis of the toroidal drifts of bulk (hydrogenic) and impurity ions, and electrons, in ohmically heated tokamaks. Experimentally observed ion drift is consistently explained by a 1-D model with Ohm's law and ...
High impurity ion energies (>100 eV) and toroidal drift velocities were reported in the early, ohmically heated experiment, Al'fa (Альфа, ~1960, major radius 1.6 m). These are explained here in terms of charged particle ...